Surveying is a fundamental unit in civil engineering that focuses on the measurement, mapping, and analysis of the physical features of the earth’s surface. It involves the use of scientific methods and specialized instruments to determine distances, angles, elevations, and positions of natural and man-made features. The data obtained through surveying forms the basis for planning, designing, and constructing civil engineering projects such as roads, bridges, buildings, dams, and water supply systems.
Surveying plays a crucial role in all phases of civil engineering—from feasibility studies and site selection to construction supervision and project completion. By studying this unit, learners develop the competence to support infrastructure development, maintain land records, and contribute to effective land management and sustainable development.
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